Django网站建设-用户注册、登陆、邮箱激活、密码找回

Django URL name详解

<a style="color:white" class="fr registerbtn" href="{% url \'Register\' %}">注册</a> <a style="color:white" class="fr loginbtn" href="{% url \'user_login\' %}">登录</a> 将所有的静态文件修改为相对路径staticfile（前提在setting中设置好STATIC_URL 和STATICFILES_DIRS才能找到路径）

以后所有写成相对路径

#模板中添加声明 {% load staticfiles %} #添加方法，如此以来，即使修改了static的路径也不会修改，因为引用的是相对路径 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static \'css/reset.css\' %}"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static \'css/animate.css\' %}"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static \'css/style.css\' %}"> 安装Django-simple-captcha，用于生成验证码。

下载连接-github

文档说明

Installation
1、Install django-simple-captcha via pip: pip install django-simple-captcha
2、Add captcha to the INSTALLED_APPS in your settings.py
3、Run python manage.py migrate
4、Add an entry to your urls.py:

urlpatterns += [ url(r\'^captcha/\', include(\'captcha.urls\')), ] 添加验证吗 在app.form中建立register_form表单，定义好注册需要的字段（form可自动生成input框）【form实现了后台与前端的交互】

class RegisterForm(forms.Form): Email = forms.EmailField(required=True) Password = forms.CharField(required=True,min_length=5) captcha = CaptchaField() 将form加入RegisterView视图中，并将form数据传入Template中

class RegisterView(View): def get(self,request): register_form = RegisterForm() return render(request,\'register.html\',{\'register_form\':register_form}) #将register_form数据传递给Template 通过Template将register_form传入html中，生成验证码（form数据可通过Template自动生成input框）

<div class="form-group marb8 captcha1 "> <label>验&nbsp;证&nbsp;码</label> {{ register_form.captcha }} </div> 完成注册的后台逻辑，get方法用于刷新，post方法用于接受用户信息并进行存储

class RegisterView(View): def get(self,request): register_form = RegisterForm() return render(request,\'register.html\',{\'register_form\':register_form}) #将register_form数据传递给Template def post(self, request): register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST) #将post上来的数据传递给RegisterForm if register_form.is_valid(): #上传的数据符合form表要求，有效 user_name = request.POST.get(\'username\',\'\') if UserProfile.objects.filter(email=user_name): return render(request, \'register.html\', {\'register_form\':register_form，\'msg\': \'用户已存在\'}) # 该逻辑用户判断用户是否已注册存在 pass_word = request.POST.get(\'password\',\'\') user_profile = UserProfile() user_profile.username = user_name user_profile.email = user_name #明文数据需要经过加密后传入数据库,利用make_password方法加密 user_profile.password = make_password(pass_word) user_profile.save() else: return render(request, \'register.html\', {\'register_form\': register_form}) # 将register_form数据传递给Template 注意html中相同的、多余的input会影响文本输出 将value传回Template中

<input type="text" id="id_email" name="email" value="{{ register_form.email.value }}" placeholder="请输入您的邮箱地址" /> <input type="password" id="id_password" name="password" value="{{ register_form.password.value }}" placeholder="请输入6-20位非中文字符密码" /> 通过邮箱发送验证链接进行注册激活 Django 使用 QQ / 新浪邮箱发送邮件配置 创建utils文件夹，用于存放工具函数/类

from users.models import EmailVerifyCode from random import Random from django.core.mail import send_mail from GMOOC.settings import EMAIL_HOST,EMAIL_PORT,EMAIL_HOST_USER,EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD,EMAIL_USE_TLS,EMAIL_FROM 用于生成随机生成验证吗，长度可调

#随机生成验证吗，长度可调 def random_str(random_length=8): code = \'\' chars = \'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890\' random = Random() length = len(chars)-1 for i in random_length: code += chars[random.randint(0,length)] return code 用于生成随机验证码和对应的邮箱并存入数据库中，将验证码以链接形式发送至邮箱，点击进行激活

def send_register_email(email, send_type=\'register\'): ###########################生成随机验证码存入数据库中########################### #继承模型 email_record = EmailVerifyCode() code = random_str(16) #将随机生成code存入数据库中 email_record.code = code #将管理的邮箱传入数据库中 email_record.email = email #定义发送类型 email_record.send_type = send_type email_record.save() ###########################发送激活邮件########################### email_title = \'\' email_body = \'\' receive_email = email if send_type == \'register\': email_title = \'慕学在线激活连接\' email_body = \'请点击下方连接，激活注册：\'+\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}\'.format(code) if send_type ==\'find_password\': email_title = \'慕学在线密码找回连接\' email_body = \'请点击下方连接，进行密码找回：\' + \'http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}\'.format(code) send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [receive_email]) 将注册页上传上来的信息保存值UserProfile，但是is_active还是0，表示还未进行激活。完成注册后跳转至登陆页面，注册失败的仍停留在注册页

class RegisterView(View): def get(self,request): register_form = RegisterForm() return render(request,\'register.html\',{\'register_form\':register_form}) #将register_form数据传递给Template #return render(request,\'register.html\',{}) def post(self, request): register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST) #将post上来的数据传递给RegisterForm if register_form.is_valid(): #上传的数据符合form表要求，有效 user_name = request.POST.get(\'email\',\'\') pass_word = request.POST.get(\'password\',\'\') ########注册的时候需要查看邮箱是否有重复,利用了username进行了去重####### user_profile = UserProfile() user_profile.username = user_name user_profile.email = user_name #明文数据需要经过加密后传入数据库,利用make_password方法加密 user_profile.password = make_password(pass_word) user_profile.is_active = 0 #表面用户还未激活 user_profile.save() #用于邮件激活操作 send_register_email(user_name, send_type=\'register\') return render(request, \'login.html\', {}) # 将register_form数据传递给Template else: #注册失败跳转至index页面，暂时 #return render(request,\'index.html\',{}) return render(request, \'register.html\', {\'register_form\':register_form}) # 将register_form数据传递给Template 在url中，通过(?P.*)正则获取获取匹配的字符串（实际就是发送的验证码），绑定ActiveUserView，通过该类完成激活

url(r\'^active/(?P<active_code>.*)/$\',ActiveUserView.as_view(),name=\'active_user\') ActiveUserView原理就是通过get，获取激活的请求，通过验证码在EmailVerifyCode中查询到对应的邮箱，通过邮箱在UserProfile查询到对应的账号信息，并将is_active 变为1，即完成激活

class ActiveUserView(View): def get(self,request,active_code): #利用code在EmailVerifyCode进行查询 EmailVerifyCodeRecorder = EmailVerifyCode.objects.filter(code=active_code) if EmailVerifyCodeRecorder: #找到UserProfile中的对应账号，并设is_active为1,即为激活账号 for i in EmailVerifyCodeRecorder: email = i.email user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email) user.is_active = 1 user.save() return render(request, \'login.html\', {}) # 将register_form数据传递给Template else: return render(request, \'active_fail.html\', {}) #找不到记录则返回连接失效的页面 密码找回 在Template中设置忘记密码的跳转

<a class="fr" href="{% url \'forgetpwd\' %}">忘记密码？</a> 在url中定义forgetpwd页面

url(r\'^forgetpwd/$\', ForgetpwdView.as_view(), name=\'forgetpwd\'), 定义ForgetpwdForm

class ForgetpwdForm(forms.Form): email = forms.EmailField(required=True) captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={\'invalid\':u\'验证码错误\'}) 将form的验证码form传入html中，并配置好静态文件

#html中配置验证码 {{ forgetpwd_form.captcha }} 发送邮箱的函数

def send_email(email, send_type=\'register\'): ###########################生成随机验证码存入数据库中########################### #继承模型 email_record = EmailVerifyCode() code = random_str(16) #将随机生成code存入数据库中 email_record.code = code #将管理的邮箱传入数据库中 email_record.email = email #定义发送类型 email_record.send_type = send_type email_record.save() ###########################发送激活邮件########################### email_title = \'\' email_body = \'\' receive_email = email if send_type == \'register\': email_title = \'慕学在线激活连接\' email_body = \'请点击下方连接，激活注册：\'+\'http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}\'.format(code) if send_type ==\'find_password\': email_title = \'慕学在线密码找回连接\' email_body = \'请点击下方连接，进行密码找回：\' + \'http://127.0.0.1:8000/password_reset/{0}\'.format(code) send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [receive_email]) 在view中定义ForgetpwdView后台逻辑

class ForgetpwdView(View): def get(self,request): forgetpwd_form = ForgetpwdForm() return render(request,\'forgetpwd.html\',{\'forgetpwd_form\':forgetpwd_form}) #将验证码传递给前端 def post(self,request): forgetpwd_form = ForgetpwdForm(request.POST) if forgetpwd_form.is_valid(): #post数据成功，将验证码保存在EmailVerifyCode，用于激活查询，并跳转至index页面 email = request.POST.get(\'email\') send_email(email, send_type=\'find_password\') return render(request,\'index.html\',{}) else: #验证码错误或邮箱格式错误返回信息 return render(request,\'forgetpwd.html\',{\'forgetpwd_form\':forgetpwd_form}) 注意form表单的变量名称要与html中的name保持一直， forgetpwd_form = ForgetpwdForm(request.POST)才能匹配 编写修改密码连接的url，绑定PasswordReset

url(r\'^password_reset/(?P<active_code>.*)/$\', PasswordReset.as_view(), name=\'password_reset\'), 编写修改密码的后台逻辑 打开连接，后台自动获取相对唯一的active_code，通过active_code在EmailVerifyCode中找到对应的email，通过email在UserProfile中找到对应的用户信息，符合条件则修改用户密码。

class PasswordReset(View): def get(self,request,active_code): return render(request,\'password_reset.html\',{}) #获取修改密码页面 def post(self,request,active_code): EmailVerifyCodeRecorder = EmailVerifyCode.objects.filter(code=active_code) #通过active_code去EmailVerifyCode找到对应的email if EmailVerifyCodeRecorder: #如果该验证码存在 # 找到UserProfile中的对应账号，进行修改密码 for i in EmailVerifyCodeRecorder: #一般来说该验证码是唯一的 email = i.email #找到email user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email) #通过email在UserProfile中找到对应的用户数据 password_reset = PasswordResetForm(request.POST) #新密码上传至表单中 if password_reset.is_valid(): #新设置的密码符合表单的话 password = request.POST.get(\'password\',\'\') password2 = request.POST.get(\'password2\',\'\') if password == password2: #两个密码相同，所有逻辑正确，进行密码修改 #在数据库中信息密码修改 user.password = make_password(password) user.save() return render(request, \'login.html\', {}) # 将register_form数据传递给Template else: #如果两个密码不相同 return render(request, \'password_reset.html\', {\'msg\':\'两个密码不一致\'}) # 将register_form数据传递给Template else: #表单验证不通过 return render(request, \'password_reset.html\', {\'msg\':\'密码未填写或格式有问题\'}) else: pass #返回404页面 Template的修改

1.静态文件配置：{% static \'name\' %} 2.url的配置：{% url \'name\' %} 3.错误信息提示： <div class="error btns" id="jsForgetTips">{% for key,error in forgetpwd_form.errors.items %}{{ error }}{% endfor %}</div> 4.错误信息聚焦： <div class="form-group marb20 {% if forgetpwd_form.errors.email %}errorput{% endif %}"> 5.值回填 <input type="text" id="account" name="email" value="{{ forgetpwd_form.email.value }}" placeholder="邮箱" /> 用户退出

用户退出

<a class="fr" href="{% url \'user_loginout\' %}">退出</a> 在url中定义好视图逻辑

url(r\'^loginout/$\', logout_view, name=\'user_loginout\'), 在view中定义好logout_view函数的逻辑，利用系统logout函数清除request的登陆信息

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout def logout_view(request): logout(request) return render(request, \'index.html\', {}) # 登陆成功，由后台渲染跳转至index，并在index中判断，头部显示