Docker基础（2）——基础操作
- 来源:网络
- 更新日期:2020-09-23
摘要：云计算 1.Docker登入docker hub账号，（Docker hub上申请的账号即可）[root@www ~]# docker login Login with your Docker ID to push and pul
云计算
1.Docker登入docker hub账号，（Docker hub上申请的账号即可）
[root@www ~]# docker login Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one. Username: ****** Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded
2.搜索镜像库中的镜像；
[root@www ~]# docker search nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 10250 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1462 [OK] richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 647 [OK] jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as p… 438 [OK] kong Open-source Microservice & API Management la… 247 [OK] webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 117 [OK] kitematic/hello-world-nginx A light-weight nginx container that demonstr… 112 zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi… 75 [OK] bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 58 [OK] 1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-Mysql-5 ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-MYSQL-5 47 [OK] linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 43 tobi312/rpi-nginx NGINX on Raspberry Pi / armhf 23 [OK] blacklabelops/nginx Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server. 12 [OK] nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes 12 wodby/drupal-nginx Nginx for Drupal container image 11 [OK] centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 8 nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 8 [OK] centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 5 1science/nginx Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp… 4 [OK] travix/nginx NGinx reverse proxy 2 [OK] pebbletech/nginx-proxy nginx-proxy sets up a container running ngin… 2 [OK] mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 2 [OK] toccoag/openshift-nginx Nginx reverse proxy for Nice running on same… 1 [OK] wodby/nginx Generic nginx 0 [OK] ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 0 [OK]
3.docker拉取存在docker hub上的镜像至本地（下载Docker hub上的镜像）；
[root@www ~]# docker pull httpd:2.4.37-alpine 2.4.37-alpine: Pulling from library/httpd 4fe2ade4980c: Already exists 42101a4e4c4e: Pull complete 73eadb9961ff: Pull complete 830983fb5ec2: Pull complete 78fb51bbfc27: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b875793145fe613aa2d1f73f1cd8ec09b775abcd6980024bc60a6a9c73d644fc Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:2.4.37-alpine [root@www ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE httpd 2.4.37-alpine 11fc0c2a2dfa 4 days ago 91.8MB nginx 1.14-alpine 77bae8d00654 13 days ago 17.7MB ljymyy/nginx latest 77bae8d00654 13 days ago 17.7MB
4.基于容器制作镜像
[root@www ~]# docker container run --name httpd1 httpd:2.4.37-alpine AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [Tue Nov 20 09:19:04.710155 2018] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140394175941512] AH00489: Apache/2.4.37 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations [Tue Nov 20 09:19:04.719195 2018] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140394175941512] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[root@www ~]# docker exec -it httpd1 /bin/sh /usr/local/apache2 # /usr/local/apache2 # vi htdocs/index.html /usr/local/apache2 # exit [root@www ~]# docker commit httpd1 ljymyy/httpd:private sha256:0c28c4522c128a7dca17c26d2fd8eee4e57642b455c067832d5567da1128da5e [root@www ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ljymyy/httpd private 0c28c4522c12 6 seconds ago 91.8MB httpd 2.4.37-alpine 11fc0c2a2dfa 4 days ago 91.8MB nginx 1.14-alpine 77bae8d00654 13 days ago 17.7MB ljymyy/nginx latest 77bae8d00654 13 days ago 17.7MB [root@www ~]# curl 172.17.0.2 <html><body><h2>It works!</h2></body></html> test successful
测试：
[root@www ~]# docker run --name httpd2 --rm ljymyy/httpd:private AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message [Tue Nov 20 09:39:27.805890 2018] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140674896550792] AH00489: Apache/2.4.37 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations [Tue Nov 20 09:39:27.806444 2018] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140674896550792] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND' 172.17.0.1 - - [20/Nov/2018:09:39:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 63 [root@www ~]# curl 172.17.0.3 <html><body><h2>It works!</h2></body></html> test successful
5.为镜像打标签；（IMAGE ID为相同的）
[root@www ~]# docker tag ljymyy/httpd:private ljymyy/httpd:v2.0 [root@www ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ljymyy/httpd private 0c28c4522c12 5 minutes ago 91.8MB ljymyy/httpd v2.0 0c28c4522c12 5 minutes ago 91.8MB httpd 2.4.37-alpine 11fc0c2a2dfa 4 days ago 91.8MB ljymyy/nginx latest 77bae8d00654 13 days ago 17.7MB nginx 1.14-alpine 77bae8d00654 13 days ago 17.7MB
6.将本地镜像上传至docker hub库中；
在docker hub上的dashboard中创建一个个人的Repository；创建相对应的namespace和repository name；例如：ljymyy/httpd
[root@www ~]# docker push ljymyy/httpd:v2.0 The push refers to repository [docker.io/ljymyy/httpd] 9dd07a03f263: Layer already exists 86503dd49098: Layer already exists 9caa02067460: Layer already exists 05f824de9453: Layer already exists 7df053e22514: Layer already exists df64d3292fd6: Layer already exists v2.0: digest: sha256:5b3aea8b8ed49fc642f46282c8bfeabf023fcbde0635341401a37ba0778af2a3 size: 1569
7.将镜像导入至文件中和导出文件中的镜像至本地；
[root@www ~]# docker save -o test.file nginx:1.14-alpine [root@www ~]# docker load -q -i test.file Loaded image: nginx:1.14-alpine
8.显示容器的详细信息；
[root@www ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6246bc53550b httpd:2.4.37-alpine "httpd-foreground" 3 hours ago Up 18 seconds 80/tcp httpd1
[root@www ~]# docker inspect httpd1
[
{
"Id": "6246bc53550bcfa1149f9f51b48a5b992969d3e2eb50df457cb0f06589102a01",
"Created": "2018-11-20T09:18:58.780749029Z",
"Path": "httpd-foreground",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 67850,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2018-11-20T11:50:26.409306755Z",
"FinishedAt": "2018-11-20T09:40:54.02714799Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:11fc0c2a2dfa90eb5804742e5b0927c9cacc3664ffde7839dcc6f39e6fd44fcb",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6246bc53550bcfa1149f9f51b48a5b992969d3e2eb50df457cb0f06589102a01/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6246bc53550bcfa1149f9f51b48a5b992969d3e2eb50df457cb0f06589102a01/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6246bc53550bcfa1149f9f51b48a5b992969d3e2eb50df457cb0f06589102a01/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6246bc53550bcfa1149f9f51b48a5b992969d3e2eb50df457cb0f06589102a01/6246bc53550bcfa1149f9f51b48a5b992969d3e2eb50df457cb0f06589102a01-json.log",
"Name": "/httpd1",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "shareable",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02719a1efc3bd4ced5a4692b75468dd4d2d55fa254869cbc26d9487ebea1c5ea-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0403b4e021b6fb5d30d752fa1f8d0dbe7e5b5fae974ddcc3acc8c32fe49e51f8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7e600ef93457c34d8423b1fa59037800b630f992ca26b0289106f4bb4edbbda8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/56de63abd81931dc78929016b95e51e3d74f4702d90af28590b31ad44bd9335e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9efe9a470ec8834a8605274fa2b156015bc703c790b429ac13fdd10f19693ccd/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cd347e2a7d82ceeb12f18b279dda0fa0853f13ab3149aa0787f3f7c685ba622/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02719a1efc3bd4ced5a4692b75468dd4d2d55fa254869cbc26d9487ebea1c5ea/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02719a1efc3bd4ced5a4692b75468dd4d2d55fa254869cbc26d9487ebea1c5ea/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02719a1efc3bd4ced5a4692b75468dd4d2d55fa254869cbc26d9487ebea1c5ea/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "6246bc53550b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
"HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.37",
"HTTPD_SHA256=3498dc5c6772fac2eb7307dc7963122ffe243b5e806e0be4fb51974ff759d726",
"HTTPD_PATCHES=",
"APACHE_DIST_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename= \\thttps://www-us.apache.org/dist/ \\thttps://www.apache.org/dist/ \\thttps://archive.apache.org/dist/"
],
"Cmd": [
"httpd-foreground"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "httpd:2.4.37-alpine",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "948daf1d078778001fa043b74a10733c11e215be3a8b457b16a47d8b46f087aa",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/948daf1d0787",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "a591d3f3fbf35606173c7f121a3e23503d075473d256cae6c55933cf91815172",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "6714eb554a2843bd0582a3e7d63b09b175c5351c100aab08b1a051bc8187cb5c",
"EndpointID": "a591d3f3fbf35606173c7f121a3e23503d075473d256cae6c55933cf91815172",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
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